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Two parallel wires carrying currents in the same direction attract each other. Ba is the magnetic field at wire b produced by the current in wire a. Fba is the resulting force acting on wire b because it carries current in field Ba. |
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In this figure, the system of two current carrying wires is viewed in the direction of the currents. With the currents perpendicular to the plane of the drawing and directed "into" the plane, the magnetic field created by current ia circulates along (is tangent in clockwise direction to) circles centered at current a. The figure shows the direction of this magnetic field Ba at the location of current ib. |
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Q: Is the magnetic field generated by a current loop uniform? A: No, the magnetic field depends on the position in space where it is measured. Textbooks and engineering handbooks and manuals usually give only the formula for the magnetic field created by a current loop, as measured at different positions on the axis of symmetry, x, of the loop. Of course, a particular case would be the case where x = 0, and this simplified formula would give the magnetic field in the center of the loop. In order to obtain the value of the magnetic field created by a current loop at any point is space (outside the axis of symmetry), one should integrate the contributions of each element of current at the given position in space. Such an integration is possible, but it is somewhat more tedious than for points situated on the axis, because of lack of symmetry of the problem. |
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Q: When two parallel wires carry current in opposite directions, the wires move apart. Shouldn't they move closer together since opposites attract? A:
Don't rush to transport into science (physics) any general knowledge you
have from life outside the school (as reflected in everyday words or
phrases). In physics, it is true that two static electric charges
with opposite sign ( positive and negative ) attract. Also, two
static opposite magnetic poles ( North and South ) attract. Maybe,
two people with opposite personality traits attract. But, two
parallel wires carrying currents in opposite direction do not attract,
they repel. In the case of two charges or two magnetic poles,
there is a force of interaction oriented in the direction that connects
the two charges or two poles. The magnitude of this force is given
by the Coulomb's Law. In the case of currents, the force of
interaction is obtained by considering not static charges but the
charges moving through the wires forming the two currents.
The electrons in one current move in the field created by the second
current, and vice-versa, the electrons in the second current move in the
field created by the first current. For each charge moving in an
electric field, the force applied by the field on the charge is given by
the formula F = q ( v
x B ). The magnitude of this force is F
= q v B ( sin |
[Top] [Previously Asked Questions] [References]
The Biot-Savart Law: The contribution dB
to the field produced by a current-length element i ds
at point P, a distance r from the current element, is:
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The permeability constant (
0) has the value 4
x 10 -7
T . m/A
1.6 x 10 -6 T .
m/A
| Biot-Savart Law | |
| Force between parallel wires carrying current | |
| Ampere's Law | |
| Magnetic field of a long straight wire | |
| Field of an ideal solenoid | B = |
| Field of a toroid | |
| Field of a magnetic dipole |